You would like to start a business manufacturing a unique
model of bicycle helmet. In preparation for an interview with the bank to
discuss your financing needs, you need to provide the following information.
A number of assumptions are required; clearly note all assumptions that you
make.
Instructions
(a)
Identify the types of costs that would likely be
involved in making this product.
(b)
Set up five columns as indicated.
Product
Costs
.
Item
DirectMaterials
DirectLabor
Manufacturing Overhead
PeriodCosts
Classify the costs you identified in (a) into the
manufacturing cost classifications of product costs (direct materials,
direct labor, and manufacturing overhead) and period costs.
(c)
Assign hypothetical monthly dollar figures to the costs
you identified in (a) and (b).
(d)
Assume you have no raw materials or work in process beginning
or ending inventories. Prepare a projected cost of goods manufactured
schedule for the first month of operations.
(e)
Project the number of helmets you expect to produce the
first month of operations. Compute the cost to produce one bicycle helmet.
Review the result to ensure it is reasonable; if not, return to part (c)
and adjust the monthly dollar figures you assigned accordingly.
(f)
What type of cost accounting system will you likely
use—job order or process costing?
(g)
Explain how you would assign costs in either the job
order or process costing system you plan to use.
(h)
Classify your costs as either variable or fixed costs.
For simplicity, assign all costs to either variable or fixed, assuming
there are no mixed costs, using the format shown.
Item
Variable Costs
Fixed Costs
Total Costs
(i)
Compute the unit variable cost, using the production
number you determined in(e).
(j)
Project the number of helmets you anticipate selling the
first month of operations. Set a unit selling price, and compute both the
contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio.
(k)
Determine your break-even point in dollars and in units.
(l)
Prepare projected operating budgets (sales, production,
direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, selling and
administrative expense, and income statement). You will need to make
assumptions for each of the following:
Direct materials budget:
Quantity of direct materials required to produce one
helmet; cost per unit of quantity; desired ending direct materials
(assume none).
Direct labor budget:
Direct labor time required per helmet; direct labor
cost per hour.
Budgeted income statement:
Income tax expense is 45% of income from operations.
(m)
Prepare a cash budget for the month. Assume the
percentage of sales that will be collected from customers is 75%, and the
percentage of direct materials that will be paid in the current month is
75%.
(n)
Determine a relevant range of activity, using the number
of helmets produced as your activity index. Recast your manufacturing
overhead budget into a flexible monthly budget for two additional activity
levels.
(o)
Identify one potential cause of materials, direct labor,
and manufacturing overhead variances for your product.
(p)
Assume that you wish to purchase production equipment
that costs $720,000. Determine the cash payback period, utilizing the
monthly cash flow that you computed in part (m) multiplied by 12 months
(for simplicity).
(q)
Identify any nonfinancial factors that should be
considered before commencing your business venture.
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